Key facts
Domestic students course information.
Entry is based on recent secondary (ATAR), higher education (GPA), VET study, or work experience.
Entry is based on Australian Year 12 equivalence, or 4 years full-time professional experience as well as Australian Year 12 equivalence. English language requirements must also be met.
- 1 year full-time
- Up to 4 years part-time
Start Dates and Campus | Trimester 1 – February 2024 | Trimester 2 – June 2024 | Trimester 3 – October 2024 |
---|---|---|---|
Online | Offered | Offered | Offered |
Armidale Campus | Offered | Offered | Not Offered |
Sydney Campus | Not Offered | Not Offered | Not Offered |
Online | Offered | Offered | Offered |
Armidale Campus | Not Offered | Not Offered | Not Offered |
Sydney Campus | Not Offered | Not Offered | Not Offered |
Course information
Download course brochureInformation technology professionals are responsible for designing the software that permeates every area of modern living, from the smallest personal device to automating entire industries, as well as creating systems that handle and analyse incredible amounts of data.
If you are new to the IT field, our Diploma in Information Technology will give you a solid grounding in the essential principles of computer science, as well as the flexibility to add to your mathematical or data science skills, depending on your background and career aspirations. If you are more experienced in the field, it will give you the opportunity to extend your skills in areas that are relevant to your current and future career plans.
Information technology and computing increasingly defines how we operate in a rapidly changing world, and demand for IT professionals is at an all-time high and predicted to increase. Our Diploma in IT will help you secure your future and broaden your career options.
Why study the Diploma in Information Technology with UNE?
Our Diploma in Information Technology is a flexible course designed to meet the needs of people seeking to get a solid foundation in computing, as well as those already working in IT roles, who are looking to grow their computer science, data science or mathematical skills. If you have at least four years full-time relevant work experience in IT or related areas you may qualify for advanced standing, meaning you will receive recognition for your on-the-job skills and experience, allowing you to complete your diploma more quickly.
If you are looking to start with the fundamentals, areas of study include:
- Computational Thinking
- From Logic to Data Processing
- Introduction to Programming and the UNIX Environment
- Object Oriented Programming.
If you are a more experienced practitioner, you can choose from a range of units depending on your areas of interest and career aspirations, including:
- Discrete Mathematics
- Database Management Systems
- Data Structures and Algorithms
- Operating Systems
- Web Programming
- Communication for Business
- Introduction to Quantitative Skills
- Calculus and Linear Algebra.
What makes our course different?
Our graduates are perfectly placed to succeed in a broad range of careers through their increased understanding of information technology, computer science, data science, programming and software design. You will have the opportunity to:
- Build a solid foundation in computational thinking, communication, problem solving, resilience, flexibility and perseverance — skills in high demand by a wide range of employers.
- Choose to study when it suits you. The course is available online, allowing you to fit study around your busy lifestyle, not the other way around, no matter where you are in the world. Or join us on campus and take advantage of our small staff-student ratio and supportive environment.
- Complete the course in one year full time or up to four years part time.
- Expand your theoretical knowledge and analytical skills to future proof your career in today’s fast-paced ICT environment.
When you choose to study with UNE, you are in very good hands. Year after year, students award us 5-star ratings in The Good Universities Guide for Overall Experience and Student Support.
Study online
Most of our students choose to study online across three study periods with 24/7 tutor support* and fit study around work and family commitments. Uniquely, our online students are mostly over 30 and bring valuable experience with them. They form a community of adults juggling the same challenges and priorities and who bring their life and work experience together at UNE in order to become future-fit and better respond to a rapidly changing world.
Study on campus
Many of our students choose to take advantage of the on-campus lifestyle in Armidale, in the beautiful New England region, with access to unparalleled support, accommodation and sporting facilities. These students are often starting their first degree and have left school recently. Through access to academic and career support they get a fantastic start to their careers.
* 24/7 tutor support includes: essay feedback (within 24 hours); live chat 24/7 for generic feedback on academic writing; and subject-specific help at a foundation or first-year level for subjects including mathematics, chemistry, biology, physics, business, accounting, microeconomics, macroeconomics and statistics. There are also a wide range of workshops, resources and courses available in academic skills support to assist you and help you to succeed.
Entry requirements
Select the option that best describes you.
This course is not currently available for this mode of study.
Please note: all admissions are subject to UNE’s Admission, Credit and Enrolment Policy. Please read and familiarise yourself with the details of the policy. See our Glossary for help with university terms.
You can check your overseas qualifications in our Admission Country List and Qualifications table. If you can't find your qualifications in this list, simply submit your application and UNE's International Admissions team will assess them for you.
When applying you may be required to show how you satisfy the English Language Requirements for this course.
International applicants, please note: You may also need to show evidence of your English language proficiency to the Department of Home Affairs if you are applying for a Student Visa.
These requirements are in addition to the entry requirements above.
Mandatory intensive schools on campus may be a requirement of some of the units in this course. Please see the UNE Course Handbook for the specific requirements of each unit.
On-Campus study
If you would like to study full-time in Australia at one of UNE's campuses, you will need to have a visa that allows you to study. For most international students this visa will need to be a Student Visa. The Australian Department of Home Affairs has further information about visa eligibility and conditions.
If you are an international applicant who wants to study online (overseas or in Australia):
You will need to meet both the Academic and English Language Requirements to gain admission into this course. Meeting academic requirements means we review what you have already studied to see if you have the results needed for admission to your preferred course.
This course is offered under two admission rules, each with its own Course Structure (Program of Study).
Rule A: You have completed, at minimum, an Australian Year 12 qualification or overseas equivalent.
If you are admitted on this basis, you will be eligible for admission under Rule A. Please see the Rule A Course Structure (Program of Study).
If you are admitted on this basis and you will be studying at UNE’s Sydney campus, you will be eligible for admission under Rule E. Please see Rule E Course Structure (Program of Study).
Rule B: You must meet ALL of the following entry requirements:
- You meet the admission requirements for Rule A
- AND you have at minimum of four years of full-time (or part-time equivalent) relevant professional experience in information communications technology and computer science.
If you are admitted on this basis, you will be eligible for admission under Rule B. Please see the Rule B Course Structure (Program of Study).
Please note: all admissions are subject to UNE’s Admission, Credit and Enrolment Policy. Please read and familiarise yourself with the details of the policy. See our Glossary for help with university terms.
You can check your overseas qualifications in our Admission Country List and Qualifications table. If you can't find your qualifications in this list, simply submit your application and UNE's International Admissions team will assess them for you.
When applying you may be required to show how you satisfy the English Language Requirements for this course.
International applicants, please note: You may also need to show evidence of your English language proficiency to the Department of Home Affairs if you are applying for a Student Visa.
These requirements are in addition to the entry requirements above.
Mandatory intensive schools on campus may be a requirement of some of the units in this course. Please see the UNE Course Handbook for the specific requirements of each unit.
Online study in your own country
If you would like to study online with UNE while you reside outside of Australia you do not need a Student Visa. If your course requires you to visit Australia to attend any mandatory study requirements, you would need to explore Visitor Visa options for a short-term stay.
Some courses require you to provide documentary evidence, or interviews to support your application. The following documents are required to support your application:
- Any supporting documents related to your admission pathway. For example, if you apply based on previous study, upload evidence of your study so we can assess eligibility.
- If you are applying for admission based on professional experience you will need to provide a resume and a Statement of Service from your employer/s on company letterhead. Learn about our Statement of Service requirements.
- Proof of identity and citizenship. This can be a certified/notarised copy of the photo page of your passport, or another form of official photo identification that lists your full personal details including name and date of birth; for example, a foreign government identity card.
- Evidence of English Language Requirements satisfied. If you have completed a UNE-approved formal English test within the last two years, you must provide a copy of the test results with your application. Please see UNE’s English Language Requirements above for further information.
Advanced Standing is credit or recognition of your previous study, work and/or life experience. This can reduce the cost and length of your studies.
Course Entry Advanced Standing
Some entry rules come with Advanced Standing or Articulation Programs that are assessed automatically without the need for you to fill in an additional application. Simply apply for your course and we’ll look after the rest.
If you are admitted under Rule B, you will be granted 24 credit points of Specified or Unspecified Advanced Standing. You cannot apply for further Advanced Standing.
Individual Unit Advanced Standing
If you are admitted into this course and believe you have already completed the equivalent of one or more of the units in your Course Structure (Program of Study) within the last ten years, you can apply for Individual Unit Advanced Standing.
If you are admitted under Rule A, you can apply for up to 24 credit points of Advanced Standing.
Select the option that best describes your experience.
You are currently studying Year 12 (school or TAFE) or have done so within the past 2 years.
Not Applicable
If you are admitted on the basis of your ATAR, you will be eligible for admission under Rule A. Please see the Rule A Course Structure (Program of Study).
Please note: all admissions are subject to UNE’s Admission, Credit and Enrolment Policy. Please read and familiarise yourself with the details of the policy. See our Glossary for help with university terms.
These requirements are in addition to the entry requirements above.
When applying you may be required to show how you satisfy the English Language Requirements for this course.
Mandatory intensive schools on campus may be a requirement of some of the units in this course. Please see the UNE Course Handbook for the specific requirements of each unit.
You have studied at UNE or other higher education institutions, completed or otherwise.
You can apply for this course if you have undertaken any of the following qualifications with an appropriate Grade Point Average (GPA):
- Undergraduate Certificates
- Diplomas
- Advanced Diplomas/Associate degrees
- Bachelor degrees
- Postgraduate degrees
If you are admitted on this basis, you will be eligible for admission under Rule A. Please see the Rule A Course Structure (Program of Study).
Please note: all admissions are subject to UNE’s Admission, Credit and Enrolment Policy. Please read and familiarise yourself with the details of the policy. See our Glossary for help with university terms.
These requirements are in addition to the entry requirements above.
When applying you may be required to show how you satisfy the English Language Requirements for this course.
Mandatory intensive schools on campus may be a requirement of some of the units in this course. Please see the UNE Course Handbook for the specific requirements of each unit.
You have undertaken VET study through a Registered Training Organisation (RTO), e.g. TAFE.
You can apply for this course if you have undertaken VET studies. When assessing your application, we will look at the following factors:
- Level and type of qualification (Certificate III or above)
- Graded or ungraded (competency-based)
- Complete or incomplete.
If you are admitted on this basis, you will be eligible for admission under Rule A. Please see the Rule A Course Structure (Program of Study).
Please note: all admissions are subject to UNE’s Admission, Credit and Enrolment Policy. Please read and familiarise yourself with the details of the policy. See our Glossary for help with university terms.
These requirements are in addition to the entry requirements above.
When applying you may be required to show how you satisfy the English Language Requirements for this course.
Mandatory intensive schools on campus may be a requirement of some of the units in this course. Please see the UNE Course Handbook for the specific requirements of each unit.
You left high school more than two years ago or did not finish Year 12.
You can apply for this course on the basis of work and/or life experience via at least one of the following methods:
Rule B: Professional Experience:
- You meet the admission requirements for Rule A
- AND you have a minimum of four years of full-time (or part-time equivalent) relevant professional experience in information communications technology and computer science.
If you are admitted on this basis, you will be eligible for admission under Rule B. Please see the Rule B Course Structure (Program of Study).
Rule A: Professional Experience
If you have completed at least one year of paid professional experience, we can assess you for admission on this basis. Simply provide a resume and a Statement of Service from your employer/s in your application.
> Find out more about applying based on professional experience
> Learn about our Statement of Service requirements
Mature Age Special Entry
Tell us more about your work and life experience, demonstrating why you believe you will be successful in the course you are applying for. Simply complete the form and upload it in your application.
> Download the Mature Age Special Entry form (PDF)
Special Tertiary Admissions Test (STAT)
The STAT is a test that assesses a range of competencies considered important for successful tertiary study. UNE accepts the multiple-choice component provided you have completed it within the three years prior to course commencement.
> Visit ACER for more information
If you are admitted on this basis, you will be eligible for admission under Rule A. Please see the Rule A Course Structure (Program of Study).
Please note: all admissions are subject to UNE’s Admission, Credit and Enrolment Policy. Please read and familiarise yourself with the details of the policy. See our Glossary for help with university terms.
Pathways Enabling Course
This is a free (fees exempt) and 100% online course designed to help you prepare for university. It will provide you with all the skills needed to undertake undergraduate study.
> Learn more about the Pathways Enabling Course
TRACKS (Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander applicants)
TRACKS is a preparation course run by the UNE Oorala Aboriginal Centre. Over two trimesters you will experience what university study is about and learn in a supported environment. Be part of a community of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander peoples who share your goals and interests.
> Learn more about TRACKS
Internal Selection Program (Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander applicants)
This program is designed for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander peoples who have professional work or community experience, or any formal VET qualifications, e.g. TAFE study.
> Learn more about the Internal Selection Program
These requirements are in addition to the entry requirements above.
When applying you may be required to show how you satisfy the English Language Requirements for this course.
Mandatory intensive schools on campus may be a requirement of some of the units in this course. Please see the UNE Course Handbook for the specific requirements of each unit.
Some courses require you to provide documentary evidence, or interviews to support your application. The following documents are required to support your application:
- Any supporting documents related to your admission pathway. For example, if you apply based on previous study, upload evidence of your study so we can assess eligibility.
- If you are applying for admission based on professional experience you will need to provide a resume and a Statement of Service from your employer/s on company letterhead. Learn about our Statement of Service requirements.
- If you are applying through Mature Age Special Entry, then you will need to include a completed Mature Age Special Entry form in your online application. Learn more about Mature Age Special Entry.
Advanced Standing is credit or recognition of your previous study, work and/or life experience. This can reduce the cost and length of your studies.
Course Entry Advanced Standing
Some entry rules come with Advanced Standing or Articulation Programs that are assessed automatically without the need for you to fill in an additional application. Simply apply for your course and we’ll look after the rest.
If you are admitted under Rule B, you will be granted 24 credit points of Specified or Unspecified Advanced Standing. You cannot apply for further Advanced Standing.
Individual Unit Advanced Standing
If you are admitted into this course and believe you have already completed the equivalent of one or more of the units in your Course Structure (Program of Study) within the last ten years, you can apply for Individual Unit Advanced Standing.
If you are admitted under Rule A, you can apply for up to 24 credit points of Advanced Standing.
Course structure
To qualify for the award a candidate must pass units to the value of 48 credit points.
48 credit points
For candidates admitted under Rule (a) UNE and OUA students30 credit points
Complete the following units:- Introduction to Programming and the UNIX Environment (COSC110) – 6 credit points
- Fundamentals of Cybersecurity and Privacy (COSC130) – 6 credit points
- From Logic to Data Processing (ICT101) – 6 credit points
6 credit points
And complete 6 credit points from the following units:- Software Development Studio 1 (COSC101) – 6 credit points
- Data Science Studio 1 (COSC102) – 6 credit points
6 credit points
And complete 6 credit points from the following units:- Object Oriented Programming (COSC120) – 6 credit points
- Computational Thinking (ICT100) – 6 credit points
18 credit points
Complete 18 credit points from the following units:
Note: You may choose only ONE of the following units: COSC101 or COSC102.
- Discrete Mathematics (AMTH140) – 6 credit points
- Computational Mathematics (AMTH250) – 6 credit points
- Software Development Studio 1 (COSC101) – 6 credit points
- Data Science Studio 1 (COSC102) – 6 credit points
- Database Management Systems (COSC210) – 6 credit points
- Software Development Studio 2 (COSC220) – 6 credit points
- Data Structures and Algorithms (COSC230) – 6 credit points
- Operating Systems (COSC240) – 6 credit points
- Functional and Reactive Programming (COSC250) – 6 credit points
- Web Programming (COSC260) – 6 credit points
- Communication for Business (MM105) – 6 credit points
- Introduction to Quantitative Skills (MTHS100) – 6 credit points
- Quantitative Skills with Applications (MTHS110) – 6 credit points
- Calculus and Linear Algebra 1 (MTHS120) – 6 credit points
- Introduction to Scientific Programming (SCI210) – 6 credit points
- Introduction to Statistical Modelling (STAT100) – 6 credit points
- Statistical Modelling and Experimental Design (STAT210) – 6 credit points
48 credit points
For candidates admitted under Rule (b) UNE and OUA students24 credit points
24 credit points Specified or Unspecified Advanced Standing granted for candidates admitted under Rule (b) who have at least four years full time equivalent demonstrated relevant professional experience.24 credit points
Complete 12 to 18 credit points from the following units:
Note: You may choose only ONE of the following units: COSC101 or COSC102.
- Software Development Studio 1 (COSC101) – 6 credit points
- Data Science Studio 1 (COSC102) – 6 credit points
- Fundamentals of Cybersecurity and Privacy (COSC130) – 6 credit points
- Object Oriented Programming (COSC120) – 6 credit points
- Database Management Systems (COSC210) – 6 credit points
- Software Development Studio 2 (COSC220) – 6 credit points
- Data Structures and Algorithms (COSC230) – 6 credit points
- Operating Systems (COSC240) – 6 credit points
- Functional and Reactive Programming (COSC250) – 6 credit points
- Discrete Mathematics (AMTH140) – 6 credit points
- Computational Mathematics (AMTH250) – 6 credit points
- Introduction to Programming and the UNIX Environment (COSC110) – 6 credit points
- Computational Thinking (ICT100) – 6 credit points
- From Logic to Data Processing (ICT101) – 6 credit points
- Communication for Business (MM105) – 6 credit points
- Introduction to Quantitative Skills (MTHS100) – 6 credit points
- Quantitative Skills with Applications (MTHS110) – 6 credit points
- Calculus and Linear Algebra 1 (MTHS120) – 6 credit points
- Introduction to Scientific Programming (SCI210) – 6 credit points
- Introduction to Statistical Modelling (STAT100) – 6 credit points
- Statistical Modelling and Experimental Design (STAT210) – 6 credit points
See UNE Handbook for more details. The Handbook contains detailed course information designed for enrolled students, including course plans, exit awards, intensive schools, and work placement requirements.
Fees and scholarships
How much will it cost?
Estimated fees for your first year of study in this course are:
Fee type | Cost |
---|---|
International | $33,829* |
Commonwealth Supported Place | $8,423* |
Estimated amenities fee per year if studying full-time | $351 |
*Annual course fees only cover the cost of tuition. They do not include other expenses associated with university study such as text books, accommodation and living expenses. If you are successful in gaining admission to study at UNE, the Offer of Admission will list the exact tuition fees you need to pay for your course. Fees quoted cover full-time tuition for two full-time trimesters only. For more information, please see fees and costs.
What are the course fee payment options?
A Commonwealth Supported Place (CSP) is a government subsidised place in a university course. The government pays part of your tuition fees, and you pay the remainder.
If you have a CSP in either an undergraduate or postgraduate (coursework) degree, you may be eligible for a HECS-HELP Loan, which allows you to defer payment of your fees until you are earning above the threshold.
UNE scholarships are open for all to apply and offer financial help while you are studying. There are scholarships for students with high academic achievement, from rural areas, studying specific degrees, in disadvantaged groups, experiencing financial hardship, who excel at sport or want to live in a UNE residential college.
UNE scholarship applications are free and confidential. You may apply for more than one scholarship.
Scholarships
UNE offers bursaries and scholarships that can help you with the costs of studying and living in Australia.
The UNE International Bursary reduces the published annual tuition fees for international students by up to 20%. These bursaries are available for international students commencing coursework studies at UNE in 2024. View detailed Bursary information.
UNE also offers a number of substantial research scholarships to postgraduate students studying research-based degrees.
Your career
When you complete the Diploma in Information Technology you will have the skillset you need to step into a variety of career pathways across a range of industries. They include:
- software design and development
- data engineering
- web and mobile development
- scientific technology
- banking and corporate sectors.
The number of people working as information and communication (ICT) support technicians is expected to grow very strongly into the future, according to the Australian Government’s Job Outlook website 83% of workers in these roles are employed full time, much higher than the average of 66%.
Course outcomes
- apply knowledge and problem-solving skills to design and develop computer programs;
- analyse and debug computer programs to describe their purpose and identify logic and syntactical errors;
- understand principles of abstraction in the design of programs and computer systems;
- communicate and collaborate effectively with others;
- understand how ethical considerations apply to software development, with consideration for impacts on others and society; and
- demonstrate a capacity for independent learning and a developing level of technical knowledge in information technology and its applications.
- Knowledge of a Discipline
Graduates will have a coherent knowledge of the principles, concepts, techniques, and skills that are fundamental to information technology. They will have a global perspective on the impact of computing on daily life.
- Communication Skills
Graduates will be able to communicate ideas and information clearly and coherently.
- Problem Solving
Graduates will be able to identify and formulate problems, and design, create, and analyse solutions.
- Information Literacy
Graduates demonstrate the capacity to critically evaluate the sources, values and validity of information and use information in critical and creative thinking.
- Ethical Conduct and Social Responsibility
Graduates demonstrate understanding of ethical behaviour associated with their discipline or profession including an appreciation of their own ethical responsibilities towards colleagues, stakeholders, and the wider community.
- Lifelong Learning
Graduates demonstrate the creative and analytical skills to learn and adapt to new techniques, concepts, technologies, and situations as their field continues to evolve and develop. They are able to generate new technology and solutions, and to analyse and appraise developments made by others. They take responsibility and accountability for their learning and professional practice.
- Independence and Collaboration
Graduates are able to apply their skills and knowledge individually and as part of collaborative teams. They are able to work with intellectual independence, and to collaborate with technical colleagues.
A five-star experience
Five Stars,
18 Years in a Row
UNE is the only public uni in Australia awarded 18 straight years of five stars for Overall Experience
Good Universities Guide 2007-2024No.1 in NSW for
Student Experience
QILT (government-endorsed) ranks UNE as the top public NSW uni for Student Experience
QILT Student Experience SurveyFive Stars for
Teaching Quality
UNE rates among the top 20 per cent of universities in Australia for Teaching Quality
Good Universities Guide 2024Studying online
At UNE we know it takes more than just being online to be a great online university. It takes time and experience. We pioneered distance education for working adults back in the 1950s, so we’ve been doing this longer than any other Australian university.
We understand the challenges faced by busy adults studying at home. We know that a vital part of online study is your engagement with the learning community. Communication with your classmates, teaching staff and university support staff will enhance your study experience and ensure that your skills extend beyond the subject matter. UNE’s teaching staff are experts in their field which is why UNE consistently receives five stars from students for teaching quality, support and overall experience.*
*The Good Universities Guide
A five-star experience
Five Stars,
18 Years in a Row
UNE is the only public uni in Australia awarded 18 straight years of five stars for Overall Experience
Good Universities Guide 2007-2024No.1 in NSW for
Student Experience
QILT (government-endorsed) ranks UNE as the top public NSW uni for Student Experience
QILT Student Experience SurveyFive Stars for
Teaching Quality
UNE rates among the top 20 per cent of universities in Australia for Teaching Quality
Good Universities Guide 2024Studying online
At UNE we know it takes more than just being online to be a great online university. It takes time and experience. We pioneered distance education for working adults back in the 1950s, so we’ve been doing this longer than any other Australian University.
As an international student you can take advantage of flexible online study from overseas or while you are studying in Australia on a visa other than a student visa. You can’t study fully online on a Student Visa.
To study online from overseas you need to consider that you may need to travel to Australia to attend a UNE campus for some mandatory intensive schools.
Studying on Campus
Whether you are an undergraduate student coming to study in Australia for the first time, a PhD student coming to live here with your family, or you only need short-stay accommodation whilst in Armidale for Intensive Schools, we have the perfect accommodation option for you.
Stay connected
Register your interest and we'll keep you updated
Why study with us?
I found the lecturers and tutors very approachable and supportive, which was extremely valuable during projects and assignments.
Why study with us?
UNE has a great academic environment, access to unlimited learning resources, exposure to leading academic staff in a university of international reputation.
How to apply
Preparing to apply
You should always provide the details of past or current studies in your application. You may also need to include documents to support your application.
The kind of documents you need will depend on:
- Your preferred course/s
- Your personal circumstances
Preparing to apply
You should always provide the details of past or current studies in your application. You may also need to include documents to support your application.
The kind of documents you need will depend on:
- Your preferred course/s
- Your personal circumstances
Important Dates
Different application methods and courses can have different closing dates. To find your correct application method click the Apply Now button below. Please check the appropriate application website for opening and closing dates.
If you are applying online direct to UNE please see below for application dates.
Intake | Application Closing Date | Trimester Start Date |
---|---|---|
Trimester 1 | 16 February 2024 | 26 February 2024 |
Trimester 2 | 14 June 2024 | 24 June 2024 |
Trimester 3 | 11 October 2024 | 21 October 2024 |
Important Notice for Prospective Students
For accurate, up-to-date details on entry requirements, course structure, and other essential information, please consult the UNE Student Handbook before applying or enrolling. The Handbook provides comprehensive guidance to assist in your decision-making process. We apologise for any inconvenience.